Abstract:Extraterrestrial samples are the direct geological evidence available from other objects. The purpose of studying extraterrestrial samples is to reveal the macroscopic and microscopic evolution of the solar system and the relative celestial bodies, and to provide new insights into the planetary and interstellar environment and the possibility of interstellar migration and extraterrestrial life. The accurate composition analysis of extraterrestrial sample is of great significance for understanding of celestial evolution and China''s subsequent lunar exploration and resource development and utilization. Due to the specialization and preciousness of extraterrestrial samples, non-destructive analysis techniques are generally as preferred method of choice. Nuclear analysis technologies (NATs) are developed on the experimental nuclear physics and nuclear chemistry, which is very suitable for the analysis of extraterrestrial samples by using the principles of particle and matter interaction, radiation effect, nuclear spectroscopy and nuclear effect, such as neutron activation analysis, ion beam analysis and X-ray fluorescence analysis. The next decade is a critical period for China''s deep space exploration, and its main goals are to deepen the understanding of the universe, expand the space of human activities, explore the information of extraterrestrial life, and further reveal the mysteries of the universe and the origin of life, understand and protect the earth and stimulate the spirit of scientific exploration. As a scientific method for non-destructive analysis of samples, the vitality of NATs lies on high integration with physics, chemistry, materials, medicine, geology, environment and other fields. With the development needs of China''s deep space exploration, NATs will play more important role in the analysis of extraterrestrial samples from the moon, asteroids and Mars, etc.